A History of Political Conflict: Elections and Social Inequalities in France, 1789-2022 - Julia Cagé

Drawing on centuries of data, Julia Cagé and Thomas Piketty place today’s French politics in historical context. France is divided among bourgeois and distinct urban and rural working-class blocs—historically, an unstable structure. The authors show how inequality breeds tripartite competition and argue for the greater potential of two-way rivalry.